Your 2nd link is a really interesting article, with a great description of how mRNA works. I've read elsewhere that research on mRNA has been in the works for at least 15 years. It's a completely different approach to fighting viruses than previous vaccines.
The upshot of what I got from the article is that mRNA simply acts as a temporary courier with instructions to cells to produce antibodies, then it gets destroyed. For those who didn't read all the way through, here's some interesting conclusions at the end about its safety:
"The mRNA cannot get into the cell nucleus and it cannot affect a person’s DNA.
Although these are new vaccines, the underlying technology was initially developed many years ago and improved incrementally over time. As a result, the vaccines have been well tested for safety. The success of these mRNA vaccines against COVID-19, in terms of safety and efficacy, predicts a bright future for new vaccine therapies that can be quickly tailored to new, emerging threats. Early-stage clinical trials using mRNA vaccines have already been conducted for influenza, Zika, rabies, and cytomegalovirus. Certainly, creative scientists are already considering and developing therapies for other diseases or disorders that might benefit from an approach similar to that used for the vaccines against COVID-19."
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